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Open Science in Chilean Patagonia: Enhancing the Volcanic Context through Collaboration and Communication in Patagonia, a Region of Extremes

Andrea Aguilar Sánchez1

Abstract

Chilean Patagonia represents a unique scenario where multiple geological hazards converge with extreme logistical challenges and dispersed population patterns. This region, characterized by severe weather, rugged terrain, and limited connectivity, hosts numerous active volcanoes that differentially impact communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems across its vast territory. From densely populated areas to remote settlements, from critical infrastructure to pristine environments, each volcanic system presents distinctive monitoring and risk management challenges, while coexisting with glaciers, fjords, and complex tectonic systems. This work demonstrates the importance of enhancing information gathered through territorial initiatives that enable instrumentation and volcanic hazard management through collaborative networks that integrate scientific institutions, civil protection agencies, and local communities. This enables the exchange of relevant data and information not only among researchers but also facilitates bidirectional communication with local observers and authorities, creating an information ecosystem that strengthens volcanic risk management across these diverse contexts. Effective collaboration and communication, which enables a transversal knowledge network, shows that partnerships between institutions and communities have generated more robust and contextually appropriate early warning systems. These collaborative networks have proven especially valuable during emergencies, where fluid communication among all stakeholders is essential for addressing the varied impacts of volcanic activity on different populations and territories.